Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Fatma Ayaz

doi:10.19159/tutad.831558

Research Article

Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 100 - 108, 28.02.2021

Fatma Ayaz

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.831558

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen metanol ve su ekstrelerinin antioksidan ve enzim inhibe edici aktivitelerini araştırmaktır. Ekstrelerin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri toplam fenol ve flavonoit miktar tayini, 2-2´-difenil-1-pikirhidrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sulfonik asit) (ABTS), demir şelasyon ve β-Karoten/linoleik asit emülsiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Ekstrelerin enzim inhibe edici aktivitelerinde ise, Alzheimer hastalığıyla ilişkili olan asetilkolinesteraz ve butirilkolinesteraz enzimleri; diyabet hastalığıyla ilişkili α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz enzimleri; cilt beyazlatıcı olarak kozmetikte önemli bir yere sahip olan tirozinaz enzimi test edilmiş ve 96-kuyucuklu plaka yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, C. lyrata subsp. lyrata’nın metanol ve su ekstrelerinin DPPH ve demir şelasyon aktivitesi dışında referans maddeyle karşılaştırılabilir düzeyde antioksidan aktivitelere sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ekstrelerin α-amilaz ve tirozinaz enzimleri üzerinde daha belirgin aktivite gösterdikleri ve diğer enzimlere kıyasla daha fazla inhibe edici etkilere sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmamız, C. lyrata subsp. lyrata üzerinde aktiviteden sorumlu bileşiklerin araştırılmasına yönelik ilerideki çalışmalara katkı sağlayacak nitelik taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Campanula lyrata, radikal süpürücü, tirozinaz, kolinesteraz, α-amilaz, α-glukozidaz

Thanks

Deneysel çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesine uygun ortam sağlayan Selçuk Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi ve Fen Fakültesi alt yapısından yararlanılmıştır. Sayın Doç. Dr. Nuraniye Eruygur ve Prof. Dr. Hayri Duman hocalarımıza desteklerinden dolayı da çok teşekkür ederim.

References

Alcitepe, E., 2010. Studies on seed morphology of Campanula L. section Quinqueloculares (Boiss.) Phitos (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(2): 1075-1082.
Alcitepe, E., 2011. New combinations in Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(5): 2243-2254.
Baytop, T., 1999. Türkiye'de Bitkiler İle Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul.
Benli, M., Bingol, U., Geven, F., Guney, K., Yigit, N., 2008. An Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(1): 1-5.
Chai, T., Mohan, M., Ong, H., Wong, F., 2014. Antioxidant, iron-chelating and anti-glucosidase activities of Typha domingensis Pers (Typhaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1): 67-72.
Clarke, G., Ting, K.N., Wiart, C., Fry, J., 2013. High correlation of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity potential and total phenolics content indicates redundancy in use of all three assays to screen for antioxidant activity of extracts of plants from the Malaysian rainforest. Antioxidants, 2(1): 1-10.
Cuendet, M., Potterat, O., Hostettmann, K., 2001. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoid derivatives from Campanula barbata. Phytochemistry, 56(6): 631-636.
Damboldt, J., 1978. Campanulaceae. P.H. Davis (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh Univ Press, Edinburgh, pp. 2-89.
Davis, P.H., Milli, R.R., Kit., T., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl.1). Edinburgh Univ Press, Vol. 10, Edinburgh.
Dumlu, M.U., Gurkan, E., Tuzlaci, E., 2008. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Campanula alliariifolia. Natural Product Research, 22(6): 477-482.
Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres Jr.V., Featherstone, R.M., 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2): 88-95.
Erkara, I.P., Ocak, A., Pehlivan, S., 2008. Pollen morphology of some Turkish Campanula spp. and their taxonomic value. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 37(1): 33-42.
Guarrera, P.M., Savo, V., 2016. Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185: 202-234.
Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl.2). Edinburgh Univ Press, Vol. 11, Edinburgh.
İkinci, N., 2012. Campanula L. In: A. Guner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M.T. Babac (Eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, Turkey: Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Nezahat Gokyiğit Botanik Bahcesi Yayını, s. 303-310.
Jaradat, N.A., Abualhasan, M., 2015. Comparison in vitro of antioxidant activity between fifteen Campanula species (Bellflower) from Palestinian Flora. Pharmacognosy Journal, 7(5): 276-279.
Jeong, S.H., Ryu, Y.B., Curtis-Long, M.J., Ryu, H.W., Baek, Y.S., Kang, J.E., Lee, W.S., Park, K.H., 2009. Tyrosinase inhibitory polyphenols from roots of Morus lhou. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(4): 1195-1203.
Kim, M.S., Kim, K.H., Yook, H.S., 2012. Antioxidative effects of Campanula takesimana Nakai extract. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 41(10): 1331-1337.
Korkmaz, B., Fandakli, S., Barut, B., Yildirim, S., Sener, S. O., Ozturk, E., Terzioglu, S., Yayli, N., 2020. Volatile and phenolic components and antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from Campanula latifolia L. subsp. latifolia. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1118-1131.
Lammers, T.G., 2007. Campanulaceae Jussieu. In: J.W. Kadereit, C. Jeffrey (Eds.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants VIII. Asterales, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 26-57.
Martins, N., Barros, L., Duenas, M., Santos-Buelga, C., Ferreira, I.C., 2015. Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. rhizomes and roots. RSC Advances, 5(34): 26991-26997.
Mutlu, B., Karakuş, Ş., 2015. A new species of Campanula (Campanulaceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 234(3): 287-293.
Özek, G., 2018. Chemical Diversity and Biological Potential of Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum Essential Oils. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 5(2): 493-510.
Park, S.H., Sim, Y.B., Lim, S.S., Kim, J.K., Lee, J.K., Suh, H.W., 2010. Antinociception effect and mechanisms of Campanula punctata extract in the mouse. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 14(5): 285-289.
Pires, C., Martins, N., Carvalho, A.M., Barros, L., Ferreira, I.C., 2016. Phytopharmacologic preparations as predictors of plant bioactivity: A particular approach to Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench antioxidant properties. Nutrition, 32(7-8): 834-839.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
Roi, J., 1955. Traite des Plantes Medicinales Chinoises, Encyclopedie Biologique, Paris.
Roquet, C., Sanmartín, I., Garcia-Jacas, N., Sáez, L., Susanna, A., Wikström, N., Aldasoro, J.J,. 2009. Reconstructing the history of Campanulaceae with a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52(3): 575-587.
Sarikurkcu, C., Sarikurkcu, R.T., Tepe, B., 2021. Campanula macrostachya: biological activity and identification of phenolics using a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 11p.
Suntar, İ., Akkol, E.K., Gonenc, T.M., Erdogan, T.F., Keles, H., Kivçak, B., 2015. Scientific assessment of the anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata, a Turkish folk remedy. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(2): 157-168.
Targan, Ş., Yelboğa, E.G., Cittan, M., 2018. Macro and trace element contents of some wild plants consumed as vegetable in Manisa district, Turkey. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 5(2): 751-762.
Taskin, T., Bitis, L., 2016. In vitro antioxidant activity of eight wild edible plants in Bursa province of Turkey. Farmacia, 64(5): 706-711.
Telagari, M., Hullatti, K., 2015. In-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Adiantum caudatum Linn. and Celosia argentea Linn. extracts and fractions. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4): 425-429.
Tosun, G., Kahriman, N., Genç, H., Karaoglu, S.A., Yayli, N., 2011. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Campanula olympica Boiss. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(6): 2389-2391.
Yang, H., Dong, Y., Du, H., Shi, H., Peng, Y., Li, X., 2011. Antioxidant compounds from propolis collected in Anhui, China. Molecules, 16(4): 3444-3455.
Yayli, N., Yildirim, N., Doğan, N., Usta, A., Altun, L., 2005. Triterpenes from Campanula lactiflora: Note. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 7(5): 771-775.
Yıldırım, H., 2013. Campanula mugeana sp. nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. The Nordic Journal of Botany, 31(4): 419-425.
Yıldırım, H., Şenol, S.G., 2014. Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal Botany, 38: 22-30.

Determination of Enzyme Inhibition Effects and Antioxidant Activities of Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata Grown in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 100 - 108, 28.02.2021

Fatma Ayaz

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.831558

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate on the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts obtained from aerial parts of Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata grown in Turkey. In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were tested using total phenol and flavonoid content, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), iron chelation and β-Carotene/linoleic acid emulsion methods. As for the enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease; α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes associated with diabetes; the tyrosinase enzyme which have an important role in cosmetics as skin whitening were tested, and the 96-well plate method were used. According to the results, it was detected that methanol and water extracts of C. lyrata subsp. lyrata have antioxidant activities as comparable with the reference compound except for DPPH and iron chelation activity. In addition, it was observed that the extracts showed more prominent activity on α-amylase and tyrosinase enzymes, and had more inhibitory effects than other enzymes. As a result, our study has the quality to contribute to the further studies on C. lyrata subsp. lyrata for the investigation of the compounds responsible for the activity.

Keywords

Campanula lyrata, radical scavenger, tyrosinase, cholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase

References

Alcitepe, E., 2010. Studies on seed morphology of Campanula L. section Quinqueloculares (Boiss.) Phitos (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(2): 1075-1082.
Alcitepe, E., 2011. New combinations in Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(5): 2243-2254.
Baytop, T., 1999. Türkiye'de Bitkiler İle Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul.
Benli, M., Bingol, U., Geven, F., Guney, K., Yigit, N., 2008. An Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(1): 1-5.
Chai, T., Mohan, M., Ong, H., Wong, F., 2014. Antioxidant, iron-chelating and anti-glucosidase activities of Typha domingensis Pers (Typhaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1): 67-72.
Clarke, G., Ting, K.N., Wiart, C., Fry, J., 2013. High correlation of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity potential and total phenolics content indicates redundancy in use of all three assays to screen for antioxidant activity of extracts of plants from the Malaysian rainforest. Antioxidants, 2(1): 1-10.
Cuendet, M., Potterat, O., Hostettmann, K., 2001. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoid derivatives from Campanula barbata. Phytochemistry, 56(6): 631-636.
Damboldt, J., 1978. Campanulaceae. P.H. Davis (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh Univ Press, Edinburgh, pp. 2-89.
Davis, P.H., Milli, R.R., Kit., T., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl.1). Edinburgh Univ Press, Vol. 10, Edinburgh.
Dumlu, M.U., Gurkan, E., Tuzlaci, E., 2008. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Campanula alliariifolia. Natural Product Research, 22(6): 477-482.
Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres Jr.V., Featherstone, R.M., 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2): 88-95.
Erkara, I.P., Ocak, A., Pehlivan, S., 2008. Pollen morphology of some Turkish Campanula spp. and their taxonomic value. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 37(1): 33-42.
Guarrera, P.M., Savo, V., 2016. Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185: 202-234.
Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl.2). Edinburgh Univ Press, Vol. 11, Edinburgh.
İkinci, N., 2012. Campanula L. In: A. Guner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M.T. Babac (Eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, Turkey: Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Nezahat Gokyiğit Botanik Bahcesi Yayını, s. 303-310.
Jaradat, N.A., Abualhasan, M., 2015. Comparison in vitro of antioxidant activity between fifteen Campanula species (Bellflower) from Palestinian Flora. Pharmacognosy Journal, 7(5): 276-279.
Jeong, S.H., Ryu, Y.B., Curtis-Long, M.J., Ryu, H.W., Baek, Y.S., Kang, J.E., Lee, W.S., Park, K.H., 2009. Tyrosinase inhibitory polyphenols from roots of Morus lhou. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(4): 1195-1203.
Kim, M.S., Kim, K.H., Yook, H.S., 2012. Antioxidative effects of Campanula takesimana Nakai extract. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 41(10): 1331-1337.
Korkmaz, B., Fandakli, S., Barut, B., Yildirim, S., Sener, S. O., Ozturk, E., Terzioglu, S., Yayli, N., 2020. Volatile and phenolic components and antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from Campanula latifolia L. subsp. latifolia. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(5): 1118-1131.
Lammers, T.G., 2007. Campanulaceae Jussieu. In: J.W. Kadereit, C. Jeffrey (Eds.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants VIII. Asterales, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, pp. 26-57.
Martins, N., Barros, L., Duenas, M., Santos-Buelga, C., Ferreira, I.C., 2015. Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. rhizomes and roots. RSC Advances, 5(34): 26991-26997.
Mutlu, B., Karakuş, Ş., 2015. A new species of Campanula (Campanulaceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 234(3): 287-293.
Özek, G., 2018. Chemical Diversity and Biological Potential of Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum Essential Oils. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 5(2): 493-510.
Park, S.H., Sim, Y.B., Lim, S.S., Kim, J.K., Lee, J.K., Suh, H.W., 2010. Antinociception effect and mechanisms of Campanula punctata extract in the mouse. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 14(5): 285-289.
Pires, C., Martins, N., Carvalho, A.M., Barros, L., Ferreira, I.C., 2016. Phytopharmacologic preparations as predictors of plant bioactivity: A particular approach to Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench antioxidant properties. Nutrition, 32(7-8): 834-839.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231-1237.
Roi, J., 1955. Traite des Plantes Medicinales Chinoises, Encyclopedie Biologique, Paris.
Roquet, C., Sanmartín, I., Garcia-Jacas, N., Sáez, L., Susanna, A., Wikström, N., Aldasoro, J.J,. 2009. Reconstructing the history of Campanulaceae with a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52(3): 575-587.
Sarikurkcu, C., Sarikurkcu, R.T., Tepe, B., 2021. Campanula macrostachya: biological activity and identification of phenolics using a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 11p.
Suntar, İ., Akkol, E.K., Gonenc, T.M., Erdogan, T.F., Keles, H., Kivçak, B., 2015. Scientific assessment of the anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata, a Turkish folk remedy. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(2): 157-168.
Targan, Ş., Yelboğa, E.G., Cittan, M., 2018. Macro and trace element contents of some wild plants consumed as vegetable in Manisa district, Turkey. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 5(2): 751-762.
Taskin, T., Bitis, L., 2016. In vitro antioxidant activity of eight wild edible plants in Bursa province of Turkey. Farmacia, 64(5): 706-711.
Telagari, M., Hullatti, K., 2015. In-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Adiantum caudatum Linn. and Celosia argentea Linn. extracts and fractions. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4): 425-429.
Tosun, G., Kahriman, N., Genç, H., Karaoglu, S.A., Yayli, N., 2011. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Campanula olympica Boiss. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(6): 2389-2391.
Yang, H., Dong, Y., Du, H., Shi, H., Peng, Y., Li, X., 2011. Antioxidant compounds from propolis collected in Anhui, China. Molecules, 16(4): 3444-3455.
Yayli, N., Yildirim, N., Doğan, N., Usta, A., Altun, L., 2005. Triterpenes from Campanula lactiflora: Note. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 7(5): 771-775.
Yıldırım, H., 2013. Campanula mugeana sp. nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. The Nordic Journal of Botany, 31(4): 419-425.
Yıldırım, H., Şenol, S.G., 2014. Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal Botany, 38: 22-30.

There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Fatma Ayaz 0000-0003-3994-6576
Publication Date	February 28, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Ayaz, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.831558
AMA	Ayaz F. Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. TÜTAD. February 2021;8(1):100-108. doi:10.19159/tutad.831558
Chicago	Ayaz, Fatma. “Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula Lyrata Lam. Subsp. Lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin Ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, no. 1 (February 2021): 100-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.831558.
EndNote	Ayaz F (February 1, 2021) Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 1 100–108.
IEEE	F. Ayaz, “Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”, TÜTAD, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 100–108, 2021, doi: 10.19159/tutad.831558.
ISNAD	Ayaz, Fatma. “Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula Lyrata Lam. Subsp. Lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin Ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/1 (February 2021), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.831558.
JAMA	Ayaz F. Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. TÜTAD. 2021;8:100–108.
MLA	Ayaz, Fatma. “Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula Lyrata Lam. Subsp. Lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin Ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021, pp. 100-8, doi:10.19159/tutad.831558.
Vancouver	Ayaz F. Türkiye’de Yetişen Campanula lyrata Lam. subsp. lyrata’nın Enzim İnhibe Edici Etkilerinin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. TÜTAD. 2021;8(1):100-8.